PensionPrisoner, if you are trying to do a direct rollover by placing a check in the possession of the distributee participant, Treas. reg. 1.401(a)(31)-1, Q&A's -3 and -4 provide guidance regarding to whom the check should be made out. The last sentence of Q&A-4 specifically provides for the use of "FBO John Smith" in some circumstances involving a rollover to a qualified plan, but as you will see if you read it, a different way of completing the payee is suggested for IRAs. I think the IRA custodian you are dealing with is probably trying to closely follow this reg, even though it is probably not necessary to do so. But doesn't hurt.