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I have a client who is set to terminate their Defined Benefit Plan in conjunction with the sale of their business. It's a stock sale and the buyer intends to continue maintaining the seller's 401(k) Plan. The DB Plan is significantly overfunded. According to the current Plan document, reversions are not an option when handling the distribution of residual assets. Instead, the Plan says any excess should be allocated among participants. We intend to reasonably increase benefits in a non-discriminatory manner and transfer the rest to the 401(k) Plan, which will serve as a Qualified Replacement Plan. The buyer's attorney insists that because the Plan does not allow for a reversion, use of a Qualified Replacement Plan is not an option. He's pushing for a determination letter. It is my understanding that IRS 7.12.1.17.1.2 (11-10-2022) explicitly says we can use a Qualified Replacement Plan in the event that a reversion is not allowed or has not been in place for 5 calendar years. The attorney is still arguing that because such language is lumped in with reversion language, the reversion provision is required. The attorney is also arguing that we would need to amend the document to say we're using a QRP for residual assets. When making use of a QRP, do you usually amend the document to say residual assets will transfer to a QRP? Also, if you could share any references that clearly specify a QRP can be used independent of a reversion, I would greatly appreciate it.

Bill, the 50% owner of the corporation, buys the other 50% from his sister Mary in mid-2009. He does not have enough cash to do this, so his sister holds a promissory note (more on this later). The company has a calendar year 401(k) plan. Mary is an employee and is still an HCE in 2010 due to her prior ownership. Mary did not retain any repurchase rights, but she held liens/collateral interest in her company shares, the building, some land, etc. as security for the promissory note from her brother since he did not have the cash to pay for her shares outright. Mary's wages have always been only about $50,000 per year so she is not an HCE due to wages. Is Mary an HCE in 2011? Is Mary an HCE in 2012?