"As of the end of 1997, we estimate that that are 11,100 ESOPs and stock bonus plans, about 2,000 401(k) and profit sharing plans primarily invested in employer stock, and at least 3,000 stock option plans that provide options to 50% or more of their work force. We estimate that there are about 7.7 million participants in ESOPs and stock bonus plans with assets worth about $400 billion, about 2 million participants in 401(k) plans with assets worth about $250 billion, and about 6 million participants in broad-based stock option plans (it is not possible to estimate a value for options, however)."