62 pages. Excerpt: Over the past three decades, as the private pension system has shifted from defined benefit (DB) plans toward 401(k) type defined contribution (DC) plans, the financing of benefits has shifted from employers to participants. In 1978, when legislation was enacted authorizing 401(k) type plans that allow employees to contribute on a pre-tax basis, 29 percent of contributions to DC plans, and only 11 percent of total contributions to all DB and DC pension plans were contributed by participants. The percent of contributions1 made by the employee to DC plans has doubled since then, but has remained steady at 60 percent for the past seven years.

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