ERISA § 402(b)(3) commands: “Every employee benefit plan shall—provide a procedure for amending such plan, and for identifying the persons who have authority to amend the plan[.]”
Employee-benefits lawyers understand that compound sentence to allow opportunities for widening or narrowing which people can amend a plan, and what kind of writing is valid or ineffective.
A plan’s amendment provision could be broad, such as: “The Plan may be amended by anything that is the act of the Plan Sponsor.” Or narrow, such as: “Only a non-electronic written instrument signed by the Plan Sponsor’s Executive Vice President for Human Capital and witnessed by the Plan Sponsor’s Deputy General Counsel for Employee Benefits can amend the Plan.”
Here’s a few of courts’ decisions:
Horn v. Berdon, Inc. Defined Benefit Pension Plan, 938 F2d 125, 127, 13 Empl. Benefits Cas. (BL) 2492, 2493 (9th Cir. July 1, 1991) (“[T]there is no requirement that documents claimed to collectively form the employee benefit plan be formally labelled as such.”).
Curtiss-Wright Corp. v. Schoonejongen, 514 U.S. 73, 18 Empl. Benefits Cas. (BL) 2841 (Mar. 6, 1995) (Stating as little as “[t]he Company” may amend the plan is enough to meet ERISA § 402(b)(3)’s two requirements—that a plan “provide a procedure for amending [the] plan, and [a procedure] for identifying the persons who have authority to amend the plan[.]”).
Cerasoli v. Xomed, Inc., 47 F. Supp. 2d 401 (W.D.N.Y. Apr. 30, 1999) (A written plan need not be a single, formal document.).
Halbach v. Great-West Life & Annuity Ins. Co., 561 F.3d 872, 46 Empl. Benefits Cas. (BL) 2010 (8th Cir. Apr. 13, 2009) (A letter mailed to participants referred to a summary of material modifications. Those two writings formed an “instrument”. That instrument was sufficient to amend an employee-benefit plan.)
Tatum v. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., No. 1:02-cv-00373, 51 Empl. Benefits Cas. (BL) 2028, 2011 WL 2160893 (M.D.N.C. June 1, 2011) (An attempted amendment was void because it was not made according to the plan’s amendment procedure.), further proceedings on other grounds, No. 1:02CV00373, 61 Empl. Benefits Cas. (BL) 2860, Pens. Plan Guide (CCH) ¶ 24019B, 2016 WL 660902 (M.D.N.C. Feb. 18, 2016).
To understand whether a writing beyond the thing called a “plan document” amends a plan, a starting point is to read the governing documents of the plan that might or might not have been amended.