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IMHO, this is the hardest thing to grasp when first dealing with DB/CB plans, however once it's clear, it's always clear. But it's then extremely important to help the client learn. And that's one of the toughest parts of client service with DB/CB plans.

Not on their statement, no. The enrolled actuary tells the plan sponsor how much to contribute. The contribution is not limited to the comp limit, it is limited by code section 404 unless the plan sponsor is tax exempt. The participant statement tells the participant the benefit they have earned based on the terms of the plan document. The assets in the plan are not equal to the value of the participant’s benefits and the contribution for the year is not required to be equal to the value of the benefits being earned for the year.