Hi -here's a long answer
We sold our firm (sale closed early 2017). I'll preface my comments with a few caveats:
1. We did our deal in a good market (for sellers)
2. With coronavirus, we're living in a totally new world order. I wonder how our former clients (mostly small and medium sized businesses) are coping/surviving and how they're paying TPA fees. I have no idea how this has affected the mindset of potential buyers ...
My wife (also my business partner) and I were ready to retire and since our staff wasn't in a position to take over the business, a sale was necessary. We were comfortable handling the sale and negotiations ourselves - although we did have both our regular general business attorney and our high-fee ERISA attorney assist with the paperwork as needed. We also leaned on our CPA for help on the tax ramifications.
We started by deciding what was acceptable to us - in terms of retention of staff, price and payment terms. Then we started the process by reaching out to potential buyers - some were friends who owned TPA shops and some were competitors who had (at some time) expressed an interest in acquiring us. We set up face-to-face lunch meetings with each to start a discussion. The initial meetings were informal and we didn't bother with a non-disclosure agreement for the preliminaries. We also were approached by a TPA business broker who introduced us to a potential buyer who we met with (but didn't sell to).
For the meetings, we put together a 2-sided sheet - on one side was some info about our firm: brief history, client geographical demographics, description of billing practices, overview of software/IT, mention of E&O coverage, my willingness to work for a year after closing, gross income for past 2 years, listing of staff (not by name) with brief job description and salary, our selling price and the reason that we were selling. On the other side of the sheet were the questions we had for the potential buyer:
1. Purchase transaction
A. Price
B. Timing of payment(s)
C. Contingencies (including death/disability of working seller)
D. Effect of rebranding on price/contingencies
2. Role of seller
A. Duties - during and after transition
1. Transition of client relationships
2. Transition of professional/referral relationships
3. Software conversion - CRM, admin, docs
4. What can I add to acquiring firm?
B. Expected hours/week & schedule & duration of employment w/buyer
C. Time tracking?
D. Pay
E. Time Off
F. Continuing Education
G. Dress
3. What can I do afterwards and not compete?
A. Work for software vendor/investment platform
B. Write/teach
C. Contract work
With the answers to our questions from each prospective buyer, my wife and I selected the buyer who was the best fit for us and then we proceeded to work out the details with the buyer. We began with mutual non-disclosure agreements. Then there were a lot of meetings, emails and disclosures. From there we started working on the purchase agreement and related documents. The buyer provided the first draft and there were a LOT of revisions - most of them ours, but then we had to run them through our attorney and then the buyer had to have them reviewed - then more negotiations on terms in the agreement and finally we all signed it! In working out the details, we focused on keeping it simple - especially on cutoff date for fees/collections.
We insisted that there would be no buyer meetings with staff until we (buyer and seller) had put together a fully detailed and orchestrated transition plan. As part of that plan, we insisted that we wanted to announce the sale to our team without the buyer's team present. That was important for our culture and so that our team could have a full and frank discussion about it. We flew in our remote employees (at our expense) and met in the afternoon. The next day, the buyer's team started first thing in the morning - covering their firm, HR, benefits, etc.
I worked for a year and then retired. I don't know how we could have done such a smooth transition without me hanging in for that year - I worked my butt off that year. It's been over 2 years since I retired and our team members are still employed by the buyer. I run into clients when I'm bopping around town and they all seem to be pretty happy (if they weren't happy, they'd let me know). The buyer's checks didn't bounce, so I'd have to say that everybody's happy.
If you've got some specific questions, let's take this off-line and I'll try to answer them.
Cheers!