"A participant has excess deferrals of $2000. There were losses during the year. My recollection, which might be wrong, is that the excess is taxed in the year of the contribution (2022) and the gains are taxed in the year distributed (2023) but how does this work with losses, or am I mistaken?"

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"What do you think? Can a plan allow Roth contributions to only be made for catch up contributions? Participants who are under age 50 would have no option to make a Roth contribution - Roth would only be available to those who are making catch up contributions."

"This is for a large 401(k) plan that is administered by a major payroll/benefits company. The funds for new loans are withdrawn from several sources, no problem with the amounts taken. The loan repayments are what I'm questioning. In most cases (if not all) for the repayments, principal is only applied to one source - the profit sharing source. No principal is applied to deferral, Roth or safe harbor match until the loan balance in the profit sharing source is paid in full. For example, a participant took a $3200 loan - 75% from the deferral source, 12% from the safe harbor source, and 13% from the profit sharing source. The payments show that only interest is credited back to the deferral & safe harbor match sources and the profit sharing source is credited with all the principal repayment and some interest. Is this ok? I have only seen repayments applied back in the same manner as they were withdrawn."

"In a recent BenefitsLink discussion on how to handle a situation about an absence of a participant’s beneficiary designation, Calavera alluded to some possibility that a pension plan might, if there is no surviving spouse and no participant-designated beneficiary, provide no benefit distributable after the participant’s death. Even if it’s rare, has anyone seen a cash-balance pension plan with provisions like that?"