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I'd do a final for 2024 and include the 6 cents as if distributed in 2024. Most likely, the numbers wont change at all since you'll round to whole dollars anyway

One of the really nice things about the Wayback Machine is that it automatically scrapes pretty much all of the federal government websites, all pages, all the time. It also automatically scrapes a whole host of other websites, somewhat regularly (i.e., not necessarily every day). Wayback also offers an API for automated bulk archiving and retrieval. And of course, individual pages can be submitted/archived by anyone with web access. And most of the archived pages/sites are functional - meaning most of the links on archived pages themselves connect to archived copies of those linked pages. There are other archives (in addition to perma.cc, there's archive.today), but AFAIK, web.archive.org is the only one that is working to save basically functional websites (not just individual pages), and without human intervention. And it goes back ... forever (in internet terms). Here's 12/10/1997 ... 11/2/1996 ... and 10/30/1996. (In addition to the Wayback Machine, the Internet Archive provides a repository of text, music, software and more -- it's a real treasure.)

Usually, plans permit a distribution of rollover amounts at any time. The distribution would be subject to tax so the 20% withholding is not necessarily a bad thing and, yes, unless an exception applies that distribution would be subject to the 10% premature withdrawal tax. Peter seems to have covered the possible exceptions. Don't think the 72t2Aiii exception would apply because it would cover the client's disability and not the father's, so the medical expense exception seems like the best possibility. If the father is indeed disabled, it seems like there would be a very good chance he would be a dependent of your client's. The father may qualify for a dependent if his gross income doesn't exceed $5,200 (2025) and the support the client provides exceeds the father's income. Social Security doesn't generally count towards the father's gross income for this purpose but income generally does. The client can count food, medical bills, living expenses as well as the fmv of the portion of the home the father occupies as part of the support he provides his father. Medically necessary home improvements, e.g., ramps, wider doorways, bathroom modifications, etc. can be deductible under 213 if directly related to the medical condition and not just for general home improvement. This should all be properly documented with letters from doctors, contractors, etc. I believe that only the portion of the medically necessary expenses in excess 7.5% of the client's AGI would be able to escape the 10% tax but you should confirm. Like Peter says, he should have his CPA/lawyer/financial advisor look at all of this.

The term-of-art here is "cutback" and the anti-cutback rule (Code §411(d)(6)) prohibits the retroactive reduction of an accrued benefit - and it applies to HCEs every bit as much as it applies to NHCEs. While the employer can decrease yet-to-be-declared discretionary contributions for 2024 and beyond, going back and changing an already deposited 2023 contribution seems like a clear-cut improper cutback to me. For my part, I would not be comfortable doing that. That is, I agree with Mr.@Bill Presson but used more words to say it.

Thanks for the diagnosis, I think. What do I owe you for that? If you're suggesting I have some mental issues, tell me something I don't know! Of course now that you brought that to my attention I'm probably going to see that phenomenon pop up again soon - so thanks for that! All kidding aside, interesting stuff all the way around.

Agree with @Effen. If the asset trustee/custodian reported it, I used it. However, note that it is often an estimate, so the next asset reporting may have an actual amount that differs (slightly). No big deal.

I have always included it, but not sure if it is "required". I suppose you could have a actuarial method based on cash and not accrual, but I have never seen it. I assume you are talking about AVA for funding purposes?

Thank you, interesting concepts of freezing the dividends. I will discuss with them. All the best

I think a public flogging of the financial advisor would be appropriate. This kind of stuff just frosts my behind.

Iffy's not the word. But why not adopt a 4% SH at this point for last year?