"[The authors] modeled the finances of [a] prototypical pension fund over thirty years, assuming that employers pay full actuarially determined contributions.... [P]lans faced a fundamental trade-off ... If they moved into riskier assets, the risk to the pension fund would increase significantly but government contributions would remain low.... If instead ... the plan lowered assumed investment returns, the risk to the pension fund would remain minimal, but employer contributions would have to triple, and would stay high for all thirty years of the simulation period."

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