"To get a complete picture of PBM financials, ... greater clarity [is needed] on: [1] Complicated and opaque methods to determine pharmacy reimbursement. [2] Methods to steer patients towards PBM-owned or affiliated pharmacies. [3] Fees and clawbacks charged to pharmacies. [4] Potentially unfair audits of independent pharmacies. [5] The prevalence of prior authorizations and other administrative restrictions. [6] The use of PBM-defined specialty drug lists and associated specialty drug policies. [7] The effect of rebates and fees from drug manufacturers on formulary design and the costs of prescription drugs to payers and patients."  MORE >>