"Like defined benefit pension plans, self-funded group health plans place the residual risk of payment on the employer. While there are mechanisms to smooth or reduce some of the payment risk, the plan sponsor is ultimately responsible for ensuring that promised benefits are paid in compliance with the terms of the plan. In both contexts, the participant's protected interest begins and ends with the employer's promise of future benefits, not the participant's preferred method of fulfillment. Participants do not suffer a concrete injury merely because they disagree with how the employer's promises are fulfilled."  MORE >>