"[N]ew emerging 'dynamic copay' plans ... translate negotiated price variation into provider- and service-specific dollar copays displayed pre-service, often through app-based tools ... [The authors] examine the operational pre-requisites for 'copay integrity,' likely effects on out-of-pocket (OOP) predictability and spending in light of peer-reviewed evidence on tiered designs, and the constraints imposed by health insurance literacy ... [P]airing dynamic copays with reference pricing, layered onto a tiered network, may better address these limitations by strengthening steerage, improving OOP predictability and aligning member shopping incentives with higher-value care."  MORE >>