Although what Congress wrote is awkward (in many ways), it seems a qualified birth or adoption distribution, if the plan provides it, can be an exception from a distribution restriction that is a condition for a plan’s Federal income tax treatment.
While rocknrolls2 fairly quoted the portion for a 401(k) arrangement, the whole sentence is:
Any qualified birth or adoption distribution shall be treated as meeting the requirements of sections 401(k)(2)(B)(i), 403(b)(7)(A)(ii), 403(b)(11), and 457(d)(1)(A).
Also, the statute includes:
If a distribution to an individual would (without regard to clause (ii) [limiting an individual’s aggregate amount to $5,000]) be a qualified birth or adoption distribution, a plan shall not be treated as failing to meet any requirement of this title [title 26 of the United States Code, which is the unofficial compilation of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986] merely because the plan treats the distribution as a qualified birth or adoption distribution, unless the aggregate amount of such distributions from all plans maintained by the employer (and any member of any controlled group which includes the employer) to such individual exceeds $5,000.
Many practitioners interpret those sentences and related text to permit a plan to provide a qualified birth or adoption distribution as a kind of distribution that does not tax-disqualify a plan for allowing a too-early distribution.
As Larry Starr said, a birth-or-adoption distribution is not a plan’s benefit until the plan (somehow) provides such a distribution.
As Mike Preston suggests, some administrators might write a summary of material modifications (or a revised summary plan description) to describe a plan provision that—even if not yet in a document to be amended later under a remedial-amendment period (including one provided by § 601 of the SECURE division of the appropriations Act)—is somehow a provision the plan’s sponsor sufficiently adopted that the plan’s administrator may communicate the provision.
At least for an ERISA-governed plan, an administrator might want the plan’s sponsor to make some writing—even if not one people call a plan document—to help comply with ERISA’s
§ 402(a)(1), which requires that a plan “be established and maintained pursuant to a written instrument.”;
§ 402(b)(4), which requires that a plan “specify the basis on which payments are made . . . from the plan.”; and
§ 404(a)(1), which commands a fiduciary, including an administrator, to “discharge [the fiduciary’s] duties with respect to a plan . . . in accordance with the documents and instruments governing the plan[.]”
(I recognize that for many plans the sponsor and the administrator are closely related or even the same person. Yet, recognizing the distinct roles can be helpful in thinking through the steps.)
An ERISA-governed plan’s fiduciary must administer a retirement plan according to the documents that govern the plan, not a document that might be made later. Even if a sponsor’s writing lacks the style and formalities of what some might think of as the “official” plan documents, the sponsor’s writing might be a document that governs the plan (until a plan amendment supersedes it).