Safe Harbor Plan - Exclude HCEs beginning of the year

Can you make an amendment to exclude HCEs from being eligible for a Safe Harbor plan (effective 1/1 and amended at least 30 days before beginning of the year)? These HCEs already met the plan's eligibility requirements.

Thanks!

My understanding is that you can amend to exclude them prospectively and that the document probably requires a 30-day advance notice to do so, even though they are HCEs. But check IRS Notice 2016-16 to see if you agree.

Are you actually trying to exclude existing participants from participating in the plan, or just excluding them from being eligible for a Safe Harbor Contribution?

A mid-year prospective reduction or suspension of the safe harbor contributions for HCEs is addressed in Notice 2020-52. 

As described in section II.B of this notice, contributions made on behalf of HCEs are not included in the definition of safe harbor contributions. Accordingly, a mid-year change that reduces only contributions made on behalf of HCEs is not a reduction or suspension of safe harbor contributions described in §§ 1.401(k)-3(g) and 1.401(m)-3(h). However, a mid-year change that reduces only contributions made on behalf of HCEs would be a mid-year change to a plan’s required safe harbor notice content for purposes of section III.B of Notice 2016-16. Therefore, in order to satisfy the notice and election opportunity conditions of section III.C of Notice 2016-16, which apply generally to changes that affect required safe harbor notice content and are not reductions or suspensions of safe harbor contributions, an updated safe harbor notice and an election opportunity must be provided to HCEs to whom the mid-year change applies, determined as of the date of issuance of the updated safe harbor notice.¹

https://www.irs.gov/irb/2020-29_IRB#NOT-2020-52