"Transparency remains low for many of the top HSA providers ... Investment menu designs have improved, with several plans ... reducing investment menu overlap or adding core investment options.... Fees vary across HSA plans but remain elevated.... [T]he average cost for passive funds ranges from roughly 0.30% to 0.75% per year, and the average for active funds from about 0.80% to 1.20%. Eight of the 10 plans require investors to keep $1,000 or $2,000 in a checking account before they can invest, which can create an opportunity cost."  MORE >>